Inidivial Reflection Statement

Singular Reflection Statement In investigating my work, I feel that this undertaking constrained me to discover what legitimate measurements on sewage treatment is from various thought, in this manner expanding on my creative limit just as my down to earth information. Along these lines I feel we have picked up and created numerous aptitudes as far as our very own inventiveness and advancement in Engineering Society. A fascinating recommendation delivered by this setting introduction was Sewage Treatment and Human.After introducing eight components of sewage treatment around the globe, the gathering had the option to show that architects' perspectives on conventions, laws, and societies are exceptionally emotional. The area of cultural interests so as to mirror that gathering mates utilizes the data and case to uncover what are the expert duty in building to drive us to see Engineering Design and their practicesâ of contextual analysis about such things as water treatment, guideline , migration on rock cave, and the like.I feel this conceivable obligation is additionally bolstered by how gathering mates comprehend the measurement for the situation study. They appears to be a useful, delicate person. They power the crowd to feelings for those influenced by the their overwhelming impacts in contamination. Besides they makes relatable information of efficient and condition measurements in that they hauls me out of an old culture and has me enter the way of life of the new society alongside them, making for culture stun for both guideline and audience.Overall, what we found from this venture is the significance of an Engineering Society. they caused me to learn more the connection between sewage treatment and human. Furthermore, I additionally need to completely consider measurements before we really make the PowerPoint, as else I get lost and lose the working time. At long last, pondering the positive and negative parts of our venture will, I accept, truly assist me with developing myself for The Role of Engineering in Society.

How far can we use the shape of the yield curve to derive expectations Research Paper

How far would we be able to utilize the state of the yield bend to determine assumptions regarding standpoint for an economy - Research Paper Example The incline of the yield bend is considered as one of the significant pointers as it shows the contrast between the long and short run financing costs in the economy. The basic contrast between the two financing costs along these lines characterizes how the future viewpoint of the economy can change. The general macroeconomic hugeness of the incline of the yield bend depends on the general financial reaction to the stuns got by the economy over the timeframe. Financial specialists in this way utilize the measurable connection between the slant of the yield bend and monetary development and see concerning where the yield bend is really pointing. This methodology likewise requires taking various parameters before the general condition of economy can be dependably assessed dependent on the loan fee spreads. (F. Cwik, 2005) The slop of yield bend can be one of the most significant pointers for evaluating the financial exhibition of a nation and make future desires. Yield bend incline can give basic data about the monetary development, expansion and downturns. Yield bend demonstrating the contrast between the 10 years treasury securities and the government finance rate in this manner fills in as one of the key monetary pointers about the general condition of the economy. It has additionally been contended that if buyers hope to have a downturn in future, they may decrease their utilization so as to build their reserve funds for future utilization. Along these lines the transient loan fees may go up subsequently and resultantly the hole between the short and long haul financing costs may limit. In such a circumstance in this way the state of the yield bend along these lines can give the gauge the economy. (Central Bank of Cleveland , 2011) Yield bend gave two significant estimating bits of knowledge into the general undertakings of the economy for example the development just as the downturn. To start with, it additionally can help

What Is Operations Research And Its Best Practices

What Is Operations Research And Its Best Practices When I mention the word research, what comes to mind? For most people, research has a lot to do with a team of strict-looking intelligent individuals going over piles and piles of documentation, going to various places to obtain data, and undergoing numerous processes and activities to analyze the data they were able to gather. That just goes to show how little we know about research. Chances are high that, even if you are knee-deep in the operations side of things in your job, day in and day out, you still don’t fully know or understand the concept of operations research, or what others also refer to as operational research. This is our opportunity to correct that.WHAT IS OPERATIONS RESEARCH?Decision-making is one of the most vital processes in management since decisions are made in order to achieve something. In the context of business management, managerial and organizational goals are what most managers seek to achieve. And that’s what they are driving towards with every decision they make.But decision-making is not something to be taken lightly. Considering what’s being aimed for, and what’s at stake in the grand scheme of things, you can’t just randomly pick one among a few options. (Well, technically, you can do that, but considering the risks involved, especially if you end up making a wro ng choice, you’d want to spend more time thinking about it and weighing your options before deciding.)With that being said, describing decision-making as a process is accurate. You have to undergo several steps or phases before you can confidently arrive at a decision. The same thing applies with problem-solving. There are also several steps to pass through before you can get to a viable solution to a problem. There are certainly more than two ways to go about the decision-making and problem-solving process, and operations research is one of them.Have you ever heard of the phrases “management science” and “industrial engineering”? They are terms that also apply to operations research. If you hear about management using business analytics, marketing analysis, logistics planning and even the more broad-sounding decision support, it is basically the application of operations research.“Operations research”, or simply OR, is described as an analytical method of problem-solv ing and decision-making used in managing businesses or organizations. It involves the application of advanced quantitative techniques in order to arrive at a decision or solution to a problem, so we’re talking about using mathematical and numerical techniques here.What sets OR apart from other types of decision-making processes is how mathematical analysis plays a central role. The identified problem is broken down into its most basic components, and mathematical methods and techniques are employed to solve them.The application of OR is widespread. In fact, all businesses can never be completely free from having to apply OR in their own business environments, regardless of the nature of their business operations or the size and scale. Retail businesses and service providers, which have pretty much straightforward business processes, will still need OR in their decision making processes.With that said, the application of OR is more necessary on the larger and more complex operation s, such as companies involved in highly technical industries such as information technology, biotechnology, engineering, military operations, and telecommunications.The fact that all businesses have to perform functions and processes such as financial planning, manpower and resource allocation, and risk management means that they all require the practice of OR.Here are some examples of OR applied or used in a real-world business settings:Forecasting and planning, such as in the determination of production capacity, manpower and resources allocation, and establishing the economic order (and reorder) quantity.Scheduling, such as sequencing in a supply and procurement chain, or processing orders in manufacturing assembly line.Marketing, such as in customer profiling and implementation of sale promotions and other campaigns.Facility planning or layouting, such as when designing an online processing system or the floor plan of a manufacturing building.THE IMPORTANCE OF OPERATIONS RESEARC HIf you’re wondering why there is a need for OR, the most obvious answer is in order to facilitate business decision-making. After all, OR is a huge part of planning.The decision-making we are referring to in this specific context has to do with optimization. Therefore, we can say that OR is very important because it enables businesses to “do things best under the given circumstances”.But that’s too broad of an answer, and does not really explain in detail why you should use OR in decision-making and problem-solving and in managing your business organization in general. Let’s drill in.OR simplifies the business environment. Now you might be wondering, how is that possible? Wouldn’t it be even more complicated if we threw in some mathematical elements in the mix? Well, yes and no, but that mainly depends on how you go about the OR process. In a business environment, numbers and figures often provide the most reliable information. Quantification gives more room for objecti vity, so business decisions can be made objectively, since there numbers say so.OR maximizes the usefulness of data. Depending on the size of the business operations, there are a lot of data that have to be dealt with on a daily basis. Larger operations are faced with millions of bits of information, and going through each and every piece of data can be tedious, time-consuming and, therefore, counter-productive. Through the use of OR techniques and analytical methods, there is a way to handle all those volumes and volumes of data in significantly less time. Obviously, this will lead to being able to make better decisions, faster.OR aids in the optimization of resources. Resources are scarce, so businesses have to find ways to make the best use of the resources that are currently available to them, while ensuring that they are of high quality or, at least, with quality that meets the expectations of the end users.OR ensures effective and efficient delivery of products or services to the end users. By applying OR in decision-making, the process becomes more systematic, so that you are able to provide the high quality products or services to the customers or end users when and where they are needed. Having high-quality products will be of no use if you are unable to deliver them to the end users when you’re supposed to.BEST PRACTICES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCHFollow a systematic and logical approach. For that, we suggest the seven steps of OR, which we will get into more detail below.Other literature broadly described OR to involve only three steps. First, you identify the potential answers or solutions to the problem, and they will then be analyzed and narrowed down into the most feasible or viable options. The third step involves further analysis, this time using more specific analytical tools.When we talk of OR, however, there is the “Operations Research Approach”, which is composed of seven sequential steps. Let us walk through it together.The Seven-Step Op erations Research ApproachThis approach is represented in this  diagram. We’ll be taking a look at the activities involved in each step.Step 1. OrientationOR is not a one-man activity. It takes a team, with members equipped with various skills and specializations assigned with various tasks and functions, depending on their strengths or the areas they excel at. Therefore, there are two things that must be done in this step.Form the team that will conduct the OR study. Take into account the multifunctional nature of OR when choosing the members of the team. You want them to be qualified to conduct OR, so you don’t have to start pulling in just any random person from the other departments midway through the study for the simple reason that the existing members turn out to be unable to do the job. It is advised that the areas or divisions that are directly or even indirectly affected by, or related to, the OR be represented in the team. If the OR is on product design, you’d want to include the engineering, assembly and quality control divisions to be represented, along with someone from finance and marketing, specifically those that are involved in customer and market research. Install a team leader who will be able to steer the team in the right direction, and one with the ability to manage both the work and the members of the OR team.Ensure that all members of the team fully understand the issues at hand, specifically on the matter regarding the OR. What are they supposed to study, and what should they pay attention to? For what reason are they conducting this specific activity, and how will it benefit the organization? These are only a few of the primary questions that you must address before the members of the team so that they won’t be “flying blind”.Bringing them into the loop will also motivate them to do the best they could in the OR study. It is also important that you are able to instill an appreciation within the team for the objectives of the activity and for what have been done so far (if there are).Step 2. Problem DefinitionMost processes â€" even the scientific method â€" puts this on the first step, and it is considered by most to be the most difficult part of the entire process, since it will set the tone for the rest of the activities or tasks that will follow. If you don’t know what the problem is, then you will simply be spinning your wheels and going nowhere.If, on the other hand, you were able to identify a problem, but it’s not the actual or real problem, then you will also end up wasting a lot of time and resources, and you might even end up making the wrong decisions.In defining the problem, you have to clearly identify its scope and the results that you desire or expect to have at the end. This time, you will be more specific. Instead of saying that you want to improve the company’s product design system, you will have a more targeted objective, such as “to lower the unit production cost of the product”.Once you’ve identified the specifics, delve deeper into it.Identify the specific factors that will affect your objective, clearly distinguishing those that are within your control from those that are not, and determine all possible alternative courses of action that may be taken. Say that you want to lower the unit production cost of the product, so the factors may include the flexibility of product design, factors of production used (e.g. direct materials, direct labor, overhead).Identify the constraints on the courses of action. There are bound to be limits that all decision-makers in business have to operate within. It is possible that the nature of the product and even government regulations and legislation do not provide enough room for flexibility in product design. Availability of resources â€" especially the alternative resources should you decide to change some of the inputs into the product â€" is also another constraint.Step 3. Data CollectionIn this step, th ere are two things you should take note of before you can go about successful data collection. Of course, this is under the assumption that you already know what type of data you should collect.Sources of data. There are many identifiable sources of data, depending on the data type you need. Generally, we look to existing standards, such as current and historical trends and set values. Another source is the system or process that is being studied, particularly on how it works in actuality.Methods and tools for data collection. Observation remains to be one of the most commonly used methods of data collection and, thanks to automation and computerization, combined with the flexibilities brought on by the internet, data collection is greatly facilitated. What used to take businesses years to collect data and process it into valuable information is now doable in just a matter of hours, days even.Step 4. Model FormulationModeling is what sets OR apart from other decision-making processe s. Where other approaches would directly look into the system and analyze it, OR goes about it by formulating a model, or a representation of the system, and using that model for its analysis.Modeling allows the researchers to simplify the system while maintaining its accuracy and faithfulness to the original. Besides, it is much easier â€" and less costly â€" to analyze the model instead of the actual system.The team conducting OR may create different types of models, and there are four general types of models that are often formulated and employed.Analog models. These are models with physical properties that are significantly smaller than the actual system being studied, and having similar characteristics with the latter. These similarities make the model and the original analogous, even if they are not identical.Simulation models. This involves the approach where the behavior of individual elements within the system is mimicked or mirrored. In other words, a model of a real-life situation is created, and that’s where techniques such as sampling and experimentation, if need be, are conducted. This method is usually favored as it allows testing for future improvement. Through simulation, you can analyze even complex systems by coming up with estimates of statistical measures. Values are inputted and, with every replication, you can observe the response of the system. In this day and age, when technology plays a very important role in almost all businesses, computer simulation is often applied. This allows you to look for areas of improvement, specifically in an automated business environment.Mathematical models. OR is considered one of the many branches of mathematics, so do not be surprised when you find yourself having to apply many mathematical methods in your OR. Without going into the most intricate details, let us list down the various logical methods employed in OR, which were also cited by Springer. The preference for usage of mathematical models is how they effectively map out all the variables and describe their relationships with each other.Physical models. As the name implies, this is a tangible model, which is basically a copy of the original system, but scaled down appropriately. Unlike the analogic models, which are simply made to be analogous to the original system, these scaled down versions are smaller replicas of the original. Among the four model categories, this is the hardest to pull off, especially in the case of complex systems.Step 5. Model SolutionThis is where you will attempt to solve the problem; in other words, it’s the analysis stage. Needless to say, this is the part where the OR team will spend the most amount of time and resources, employing a variety of analytical methods and techniques on the models formulated in the previous step.Briefly, the most commonly used techniques are:Simulation techniques, for the analysis of simulation models. These techniques often come part and parcel with several sta tistical techniques. That’s right. If you though that resorting to simulation will save you from dealing with numbers, you can’t fully get away from it, since statistical computations will still hound you.Mathematical analysis techniques, which dominantly utilizes statistical methods, such as regression analysis, variance analysis, queuing, and statistical inference.Optimization techniques, where you will try to determine the best values or the optimum levels that will affect decision-making. That involves the application of various mathematical programs and statistical methods. Mathematical programming techniques often used include linear and non-linear programming, integer programming and network theory.At the end of this step, you should have obtained a solution, after considering the results of the analytical tasks you used.Step 6. Validation and Output AnalysisDoes the process end once you’ve identified the solution? No, it doesn’t. You still have to make sure that the model you used in your analysis is, indeed, an accurate representation of the system. This is the validation part.And that’s not all. If you thought you’re done with the analysis bit, there’s still more analysis to be done. In this case, you’ll be going over various “what if” scenarios, where you will consider the possible outcomes if the solutions obtained are implemented.Step 7. Implementation and MonitoringFinally you settled on the best solution or recommendation and made a decision. It is time to implement that decision.Of course, you need to still have control over the implementation, which is why there should be a team in place to be in charge of the implementation. It is highly recommended that you place some members of the OR team in the implementing team.Monitoring is a must, since you want to ensure that the solution decided upon is the one actually being implemented. This is also a way to remain on your toes, since unforeseen circumstances might lead to some aspects of the solution needing some tweaking along the way.Use only the relevant data.Out of a million pieces of data, you’re probably going to need only a fraction of it. Wading through all that data may be all right with you, but SHOULD YOU? Think of the resources you will be wasting if you do that. It will also take a lot of time, which you can devote to other core functions, instead of poring over data that won’t have an impact â€" even if indirect â€" to the matter at hand.One of the reasons that you use advanced analytical methods is so that you can maximize data and handle as much of it as you can at one time. But that does not mean that you should analyze 100% of the data, even if 50% of it are not relevant to the problem you are solving or the decision you are trying to arrive at.But do not focus solely on the quantity of data; you also have to count quality. Having too much data is not the only problem; having poor quality data is also just as problematic. In fact, re searchers prefer having a small amount of high quality data, instead of having too much data of poor quality or no relevance at all.Maintain close collaboration between managers and the researchers.A certain degree of independence is encouraged when it comes to the people directly conducting OR, or the researchers. This is so that they can maintain a level of objectivity in their analysis.But that does not mean that they should be completely removed from the management. Management support is vital if you want your OR to be successful. After all, at the end of the day, it is the management that will make the decision, and will see to its implementation. By striking a partnership with the researchers, the process will be smoother.In fact, it is recommended that researchers work alongside the managers, or those who are directly involved in the process being analyzed.Establish policies or a framework for the conduct of OR.One way to give OR a strong presence in the organization is to in stitutionalize it. How can you go about that?Create a policy framework, providing details about OR â€" even if they are couched in general terms â€" which will then serve as a guide for staff who will later on conduct research. This is also one way to impress on the members of the organization the important role of OR.Create a reference document containing the policies or the framework, and disseminate it to the members of the organization. It won’t make any sense if you have a framework, and it is well-documented, but it remains inside the office of select few members of top management.Make Operation Research an integral part of your business processes.In other words, do not treat it as just a minor function that you can just assign to whoever has free time. Research activities, in general, take time and certain level of commitment on the part of the researchers, so treating it as a throwaway task is not a good idea.Assign staff members to focus on OR. Some businesses, refusing t o spend on OR, make research as an additional task for its managers. This may be workable, but if the managers are already overworked, chances are high that they won’t devote as much time and attention to the research side of things. Oh, and one other thing: do not forget to assign someone to manage the research activities carried out. Pick someone to lead the team, so as to maintain some supervision and cohesiveness in the unit.Specify a dedicated time to conduct research activities. Again, it’s not a good idea to request your staff to “do their research whenever they have free time or during breaks”, or even demand that they render overtime specifically for research activities. Doing that will only make OR seem like an afterthought, instead of the important business process that it actually is. Maybe you can schedule at least one day per week for staff to do their research. This way, they will also be able to maintain focus when they’re on the job.Make room in your budge t for OR. Yes, you need funding to conduct research successfully. Conducting OR means you will have to spend on salaries and compensation of the researchers, and other expenses incidental to the conduct of the research activities.Pick the right people. You have to make sure that the researchers understand what they are supposed to do, and they have the skills required to carry out the research successfully. You may have to conduct some on-the-job trainings, if necessary.Equip your people with the right tools. Arm them with the things they need in conducting a successful OR. If you think they will benefit more by undergoing training and workshops on OR, then send them to those activities. And we’re also talking about providing the staff with the hardware they’d need to carry out the many OR techniques that they have to use.At the end of the day, the best practice that a company can apply in operations research is to fully commit itself to actually doing it. OR is an indispensable process in managing a business, and you’d do well to keep that in mind, if you plan on taking your business to greater heights.

The Immigration Reform And Immigrant Responsibility Act Of...

Introduction: This paper must challenge an area of study for this semester (Not using Lee textbook as references nor private or to refer to non-for profit agencies) to a government agency whom lost a United Supreme Court case since January 2010 issue; In such issues as the supremacy cooperative agreement Section 133 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) in adjunction with Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 287 and INA 287(g) (that was the regulations for Immigration Enforcement Authority prior to 2012) that came under â€Å"considerable legal debate concerning the power of state and local police to enforce federal immigration law in the absence of express authorization in federal statute† (Garcia). For which, the states’ oppositions lost their cases in court until the Arizona v. United States case in 2012. For which was not a complete lost because it gave birth to the Memorandum of Understanding between the states and the federal government. By which the federal program ICE were the eyes and ears of implementing the trainings needed for the federal laws and requirements to be enforced by the states and local law enforcements agencies. Though it still fail in its ineffectiveness’, the objectives are still living today, improving its constructive and characteristic methodologies as the years’ goes bye. History of the Policy: To understand the issue involved, one must look into the historical factors for whichShow MoreRelatedThe Policy, Illegal Immigration Reform And Immigrant Responsibility Act Of 19961486 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, Division C of Pub.L. 104–208, 110 Stat. 3009-546, shortened to IIRAIRA or IIRIRA, was enacted September 30, 1996 (Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996). The IIRAIRA is a federal law designed to reduce illegal immigration and to apprehend undocumented aliens (Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996). It vastly changed the immigration laws within the U.S. Immigration and NationalizationRead MoreImmigration Reform And Control Act Of 1986 Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesMay Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986; 100Stat. 3359 Biblical guidelines. All persons are welcomed into the Kingdom of Heaven. 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Illegal immigration is when people enter a country without government permission. As of 2008 the Center for Immigration Studies estimated that there are 11 million illegal immigrants in the US which is down from 2007‘s 12.5 million people. Although the Center f or Immigration Studies estimates are

Flaws Of The Laws Against Sex Offenders - 1616 Words

Flaws in our Laws According to the Center for Sex Offender Management â€Å"It is estimated that one in every five girls and one in every seven boys are sexually abused by the time they reach adulthood†. The United States has many laws aimed to reduce sexual offenders but the annual percentages for sexual offenses have stayed the same ever since the laws were established. This research is not intended to lessen the gravity of sexual offenses but to understand that our laws against sex offenders are not preventing the sexual offenses. The main problem with the laws against sex offenders, are the sex offender registries, the registries fail to act as a deterrent for sexual offenses and they encourage vigilante justice. Also, people convicted of a minor sexual offense face harsh punishments and sex offenders face many restrictions. In order to understand why the United States sex offender laws are the way they are, we need to know the story behind on why they were created. In 199 3, the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act was established when Jacob Erwin Wetterling, an 11 year old boy, who was kidnapped, raped, and murdered by a sexual predator, that lived near him. According to the article Rethinking Sex Offender Registries by Lehrer, Eli, â€Å"the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act required all states to establish their own registries†. After the Wetterling Act was established anShow MoreRelatedSexual Violence and The Adam Walsh Act1343 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurs every two minutes in the United States. Sexual violence against women is still endemic in the United States. Statistics show nearly one in five women have been sexually assaulted. Managing sex offenders is still an issue in the criminal justice system. Repeat offenders are extremely difficult to monitor. 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They are required to register on the sex offender registry list as well as inform neighbors, put it on job applications, live a certain distance away from any zone which contain children, and follow several other places they are forbidden to go as part of their releaseRead MoreThree Strikes and You’re Out Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesWe live in a world of laws, statutes, and regulations. This society has to enforce all of it in order to keep this country from going into complete chaos. Some laws can cause a large amount of controversy and debate over it. Specifically speaking, the Three Strikes and You’re Out Law. This one law has many people arguing for and against it. Statements from many saying that it is unjust and unfair, while others say that is what our society needs in order to keep this world safe from those career criminalsRead MoreThe Flawed Prison System of America1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unites States of America’s prison system is a flawed mess. To open the eyes of our government we must first take a stand against unlawful government decisions, and show support for the greater good of society. What are our own tax-dollars paying for, w hat are the flaws in the justice/prison system, why is overcrowding in prisons causing tension, and what are ways our society and government can rebuild the system that has been destroyed over the years? Most criminals in prisons are not a dangerRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentencing Guidelines For The United States853 Words   |  4 Pagesto Hooker and Hirsh, â€Å"A felony conviction generally, by law, means a term of mandatory incarceration. An accused faces mandatory sentencing if he/she has any past felony conviction, or if he/she is accused of being a repetitive offender. As to the former, any past conviction counts, no matter how old† (Berlatsky 94-95). Hooker and Hirsh follow this claim up with the perfect example, â€Å"As to the latter, one would become a repetitive offender if he were to sell a marijuana cigarette on one day, andRead MoreOverview of Victimology1726 Words   |  7 Pagessuspected cases of human trafficking. The report further cited that 82% of the suspected cases of human trafficking incidents were confirmed as sex trafficking crimes. Further statistics provided in the report state that of the 83% nearly half of the victimology was under the age of 18 (Office of justice programs, 2011). The report also noted that 83% of the sex victims were American citizens while 67% of the victims were pushed into forced labor; were un-documented immigrants (Daigle, 2012). VictimRead MoreThe Sarah s Law As An Example1980 Words   |  8 Pageswill attempt to explain a watershed moment using the Sarah’s Law as an example. The main objective will be to observe how this law improved society using academic research and what improvements that can be provided with the law to help in the future towards treatments of victims and witnesses. This essay will highlight how Sarah’s Law was created and how it made a huge impact in the criminal justice system, as well as, the ways the law helped victims and witnesses in society today. The term ‘watershed’Read MoreSex Offender Registry2935 Words   |  12 Pagesperson that can be place on the National Sex Offender Registry is age 6. Yes, a kindergarten and be found to be a sexual predator as society puts it. Individuals on the registry are all treated equal by the public no matter the details of their actual crime. Even though the sex offender registry is a positive tool in the protection of society, the registry needs to be evaluated because sexual assault is not the only form of child abuse, non-violent offenders are on the registry, and children are now

Intro to MT Free Essays

What is Medical Technology? Branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the diagnostic or therapeutic applications of science and technology. Also known as Clinical Laboratory Science A dynamic healthcare profession that deals with the study and practice of diagnostic laboratory medicine. Ruth Heinemann (1963) The application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro to MT or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anna Fagelson (1961) The branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the maintenance of health. Walters The health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the maintenance of good health. Republic Act NO. 5527 An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures r technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general. Medical Technologist A person who engages in the work of medical technology under the supervision of a pathologist or licensed physician authorized by the Department of Health in places where there is no pathologist and who having passed the prescribed course (Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Public Health) of training and examination is registered under the provision of this Act. Nature of Work Medical Technologists perform complex chemical, biological, hematological, immunologic, microscopic, and bacteriological analyses, including: Microscopically examine blood and other body fluids. Make cultures of body fluid and tissue samples to determine the presence of bacteria, tungi, parasites, or other microorganisms. Analyze samples tor chemical content or a chemical reaction and determine concentrations of compounds such as blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Type and cross match blood samples for transfusions. Evaluate test results, develop and modify procedures, and establish and monitor rograms to ensure the accuracy of tests. In what way will it be of help and importance to our society? To improve the management of health conditions using various means of identifying the causes and nature of diseases. To aid other health professionals in decision-making as well as in therapeutic directions; Ultimately to deliver an excellent patient care and improve the quality of life. Field of Specialty Hematology Clinical Chemistry Clinical Microscopy (Parasitology) Microbiology (Bacteriology, Mycology) Blood Bank Transfusion Practices How to cite Intro to MT, Papers

People Essay Example

People Essay People, as fallible creatures, cannot completely understand what God had in mind when we read His words within the Bible, when we learn of His actions throughout history, and so on.   However, through the Holy Spirit we are empowered to understand at least a little of His intent, and with that understanding we can attempt to lead our lives with virtue and faith. Chapter five encompasses the idea that we, as mere mortals, cannot possibly comprehend the grandeur that is God.   It is foolish, indeed, to even try.   However, I feel that, as a Christian, it is our duty to strive toward God (as hopeless a venture as that sometimes may seem) and part of that is to at least try to understand a little more of God’s nature.   Yes, it is impossible for us to reach that goal, but God put us on Earth to spread His gospel and Good News, and it is important for us to have at least semi-logical reasons for His existence in order to make Him more clear to unbelievers. We will write a custom essay sample on People specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As he continues in this chapter, the author makes clear the truth that God does intervene in humanity at many points in history, continuing even until this day.   From the Old Testament to the New Testament, how many instances are there of God’s direct, traceable intervention on Earth?   But if that was the case, that it is foolish for us to try to comprehend God, why would He have done this?   He has meant for us to attempt this lofty goal, to strive toward Him, or why would He have sent His only son to die on the cross for us?   His example has provided for us a model to live by, and Jesus, in his divinity, was always striving toward heaven.   Now, of course we are meant to live a virtuous life, but shouldn’t there be more to striving toward heaven than that?   I hold that it is a part of faith, of living the Christian life, to search for God’s divinity in any and all virtuous ways that we can. This leads to a sense of this author in this chapter that I very much agree with; in that this world and Heaven overlap and coexist.   If Heaven was an existence completely separate, future and disconnected from our own lives, God’s work would be far more difficult to see, if not obscured entirely, from our temporal existence?   He knows that, with our limited intelligence and fallen nature, we can’t possibly understand Him, but He wants to work in our lives anyway.   He clearly has accommodated our limited understanding throughout history in, as chapter five refers, His names.   Page 67 states:   â€Å"Like most ancient names, YHWH had a meaning.   It seems to have meant ‘I am who I am’ or ‘I will be who will be.’   This God, the name suggests, can’t be defined in terms of anything or anyone else.†Ã‚   God’s nature can’t be fully understood by humans or put into words by man, but He helps us along the way to understand where we can.   By putting His divine nature into words as fully and understandably as possible, God makes His desire for us more evident and the coexistence of Heaven and Earth apparent.   I am also in full agreement that we must show proper respect for and awareness of God’s holy name, as the Jews did many centuries ago. Chapter six discusses Israel and its importance in both historical and theological contexts.   The author’s very valid point is culminated in these lines on page 71:   â€Å"Trying to understand Jesus without understanding what the story was, how it worked, and what it meant is like trying to understand why someone is hitting a ball with a stick without knowing what baseball, or indeed cricket, is all about.†Ã‚   One must understand Judaism and the story of Abraham, Sarah, Israel†¦indeed, the whole Old Testament before one can fully understand God’s purpose in sending His son to Earth and the cross. The author states that it was Hitler who brought centuries of latent anti-Judaic hostilities to the surface.   I’d like to, before I continue, make the point that this was not the case.   From the crusades to the Russian ‘programs’ and beyond, the Jewish people have been the victims of baseless and cruel hostilities throughout history. The author’s words regarding the tone of ancient Biblical scriptures can be argued.   I think that the large and lording God of the Old Testament would not have bothered with sarcastic or sardonic tone.   The God of the Old Testament makes His will known very clearly without bothering with such human verbal patterns.   His displeasure with their arrogance and assumption that they can become like (or equal to) God was manifested in his destruction of their very social structure. It is true that, in the author’s words as the chapter continues, Abraham and almost everyone that God made a covenant with messed it up somehow.   God always held His side of the deal, but humans invalidated the bargain.   Yet it was God’s love that enabled us to still reap the benefits of His undeserved love for us.   We have done nothing to be worthy of what He has given us, throughout history we have proven ourselves unworthy and unreliable, yet He still saves us.   I don’t know about you, but that sort of makes me shiver.   As the author says, rather than give up on us completely he uses us to justify ourselves and make right what was done wrong.   What one man tore down, God used another to raise it back up.   And when all seemed hopeless, God sent His son, human and divine, to mend the tears. The author seems to urge us not to follow our own heart, but to follow God instead.   The references to David following his heart with the following catastrophe that resulted from his actions makes this opinion clear, and in and of itself this is obviously what we, as Christians, should do.   But what if we are already following God?   If we have devoted ourselves to Him wholeheartedly, wouldn’t following our heart be the same as following him?   I think that the fault lie more in David than in the entirely hopeless nature of humans.   Without God we are hopeless, but with Him we are redeemed and with hope. â€Å"He was wounded for our transgressions, crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the punishment that made us whole, and by his bruises we are healed.†Ã‚   Isaiah puts it very eloquently.   The author’s references to the Old Testament’s constant accounts of exile and restoration drive the point home, what God wanted to tell us.   We may be exiled now, but through Him we shall be restored and brought home.   What a deal!   We just have to live our lives faithful to Him (which is the best and most fulfilling life anyway), and He will restore us to everlasting life.   If we live our lives with Him, we will forever live with Him.   As the author points out indirectly, He even gave us a very clear guide on how to do this in the Bible, in case it’s too hard on our own. This entire chapter is very difficult to argue with, as the author’s every point and paragraph is a retelling of Judaic history as God directed it.   Indeed, it is sometimes glaringly obvious what God’s intent was for us by His actions and reactions to and of the ancient Hebrews in the Old Testament.   One can hardly argue with such words! The second paragraph of chapter seven finds us in disagreement once more.   It states that, â€Å"In other words, Christianity is not about a new moral teaching – as though we were morally clueless and in need of some fresh or clearer guidelines.†Ã‚   If you read the gospels, the Sermon on the Mount is all about redefining the Judaic Law and setting up a new order.   The Sermon on the Mount shifts the world from the Law-based experience of the Old Testament to the loving, benevolent world of the New Testament.   We did need different guidelines, because with Jesus’ coming came a different world. Jesus did come, among other reasons, to provide for us a moral guideline.   Agreed, we can never meet or even come close to those guidelines, but the idea is to do our best to emulate Him.   We can’t do it, just because of that fallen human nature that we struggle with at every moment of our existence, but just because we can’t do it doesn’t mean that we should not try!   Jesus didn’t just come to fulfill some historical duty.   He came to save us from our sins and lead us to everlasting life with Him in Heaven!   His life on Earth did not just make that possible, He also made it easier by showing us exactly what to do in order to reach that newly-possible goal.   His entire life was a series of lessons to that end.   It is counting Jesus Christ short to say that this was not part of His plan on Earth. Additionally, Jesus Christ is not open to reinterpretation.   We do reinterpret Him throughout history, but that doesn’t change anything.   What He did, thought, and was does not change because of a person saying â€Å"Hey, this is what I think, therefore, I’m obviously right and everyone from Jesus’ birth onward was definitely wrong.†Ã‚   People do, as the author points out, tend to try to reinterpret Jesus more than any other figure in history, just because of who He was.   But God is God.   Jesus is Jesus.   Humans saying ‘He meant this or He said that or He did some other such thing and meant this by it’ doesn’t mean that they are correct.   We cannot completely interpret Him at all, of course, because of our humanity.   We should try to understand His intent, but not twist His words or take them out of context simply to suit our human desires or requirements.   God made and defines us, not the other way around. It was very interesting to read about how the Dead Sea Scrolls and other documents found from that era, despite the attempts of others around us, do not and cannot debunk the truth and authenticity of the Gospels.   It was also very interesting that the author acknowledges the fact that it is impossible to understand the full meaning of the scriptures in the bits and pieces that are commonly taught today.   Indeed, they must be taught from the viewpoint of the entire context around the passages.   People can manipulate scripture passages out of context to mean whatever they want.   Someone wanting to prove that men should be more emotionally sensitive might quote â€Å"Jesus wept† as ‘proof’ for their argument.   A Christian more familiar with that passage, though, would look at that and realize that it has nothing at all to do with popular masculine social traits, and everything to do with Jesus’ faith. The author’s argument about Jesus not simply healing for the sake of making people better but to drive home His mission and message was excellent, and continues with my previous point.   If Jesus came just to fulfill the prophecies, then why would he have need of doing that?   But in doing so, He spread His message of tending to the ill and that if you believe, you will be saved. Chapter eight discusses Jesus’ fulfillment of the prophecies of the Old Testament and His disciples’ reasons for believing in him.   The author’s references to many of the previously hailed ‘messiahs’ was worthy of note, as it raises an interesting question.   Why is it that all of these men who people claimed were saviors of mankind, messiahs, and so forth†¦why is it that we know of none of these but Jesus?   The argument that He is, in fact, the Messiah and Son of God is probably the best reason.   But one has to consider the movements of the Holy Spirit in these occurrences; in the perpetuating of the knowledge of Jesus’ death and resurrection throughout history. When the author stated that it is a bit incredible that people believed that Jesus was the messiah, I had mixed feelings.   Granted, his point was correct – everyone expected a great military leader, a ‘new Moses’ that would lead His people to a new Holy Land, and so on.   How surprising it must have been, then to find a poor carpenter that let himself be tortured and killed!   However, I think it might have been easier to believe in Jesus’ divinity for other reasons.   His numerous miracles, for instance, would make many people look twice.   His message, we now understand, was not one of death and conquering and military might, it was one of humbling oneself and love for others.   This is the author’s implication in the middle of this chapter, and I completely agree.   And He did conquer, although perhaps not in the sense that the people of the era were expecting, but He has the best and most complete victory of all; raising His people above death once and for all time. The author’s line about Jesus’ bringing a â€Å"fresh meaning to Passover† made me think.   Jesus was a devout Jew, as were all of his disciples.   Yet during the course of Jesus’ ministry and especially in the Last Supper, He told them many things that were very different from what they grew up believing.   It must have been difficult to accept that what you’ve done all your life may or may not be the right thing to do now.   The author implies that this was fairly easy to accept, but we have to think about what this would be like for us as Christians.   Imagine someone telling us what we have always believed was the only right and proper way of doing things was not, in fact, the way it should be?   During the Last Supper, Jesus turned himself into the Passover lamb, sacrificed to save us all.   As the author continues, He did this to win the fight, although it must have been horribly depressing for the disciples.   Their savior dea d, or so they believed, and their hopes for victory over the Romans are gone.   What they didn’t realize, the author states in a very good passage, is that the messiah wasn’t coming to save them from the Romans, but from the forces of evil and darkness that lurked within their souls and those of the people around them.   His victory was not over the Romans, but over evil and death itself. Further in this chapter, the author refers to the â€Å"cognitive dissonance† theory, in that Jesus’ disciples insisted that He was the savior even after they were proven wrong.   I know that this is not the author’s opinion, and I must disagree with it as well.   Besides the theological and rational proof to the otherwise, one simply has to read the gospels to realize that the disciples were experiencing fear and doubt after Jesus’ death.   They were not, as the author put, ‘shrilly’ shouting that everything was okay, they were scared.   They were sure that He was dead and their hopes were shattered.   His resurrection was something that was completely unexpected, thus it is entirely doubtful that it was simply a figment of their collective imaginations. â€Å"Far and away, the best explanation for why Christianity began after Jesus’ violent death is that he really was bodily alive again three days later, in a transformed body.†Ã‚   This sentence on page 113 touched me in a deep way.   It is so very true, at a level that shows why the church began so long ago and survived for so many centuries, still going strong.   The author may say that this does not force someone to believe in Christ’s resurrection, and that is very true.   However, it provides a very good and logical argument for those who struggle with believing simply by faith; for those who need tangible logic to back up that faith. I also enjoyed the author’s references to science as an almost more unbelievable ‘religion’ than Christianity.   People find it very difficult to believe that Jesus Christ, an all-powerful creator and savior of the world, in fact exists when our mere presence on this earth should be proof enough; yet society demands that we take unproven scientific theory as hard truth – and so many people do! I find it interesting that the author says that the early Christians would not expect that the savior would be divine.   I wonder what they would expect?   If they supposed that the messiah would raise an army and defeat their enemies, that does not preclude the possibility of that person having a divine nature.   In fact, wouldn’t it be more logical that a person sent by God to save the people would have a divine nature that a purely human one?   I have no theological basis to back this up, it is merely thoughtful disagreement to his argument. One last point in this chapter that I must address is our tendency to be as the disciple Thomas, doubting what we do not see; not believing in the truth because we cannot see it for ourselves.   This is the sad truth of our world today, we claim we must see something to believe it, our faith has been dampened by our lack of faith.   It is a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle. Chapter nine finds me in agreement with the author.   Why did Jesus speak in parables?   Simply because it enhances our understanding.   Our limited human capabilities would reduce our understanding if He had just instructed us outright.   We tend to resist what is handed to us at face-value, and prefer something that is told in terms of something else.   We believe more what is easier to swallow, what we think we’ve figured out for ourselves.   Even the disciples, as the author says, found it difficult to take.   In their privileged position of being able to speak directly to the Son of God Himself, they could not understand what was going on.   It simply comes down to the fact that humans are infinitely lesser beings than God. The author’s words about the Holy Spirit are true as well, in my opinion.   The Spirit gives the church its power, its faith, everything it needs to stay alive.   It provides the church the ability to thrive, to reach people’s hearts and souls.   Without the Holy Spirit, there would be drastically less faith.   Indeed, there is ample reason to believe that the church would have crumbled early on in its existence were it not for the intervention of God’s Holy Spirit.   It is the continuance of God’s gift to His people, as the author puts it, â€Å"That is why St. Paul, our earliest Christian writer, speaks of the Spirit as the guarantee or the down-payment of what is to come.†Ã‚   It is our assurance that our church will not die; God will not let it die, His Holy Spirit is infused into the church and gives it life; gives us hope. Again drawing upon the author’s references to Paul’s writings: â€Å"You, he says, are the Temple of the Living God†¦If the Spirit is the one who brings God’s future into the present, the Spirit is also the one who joins Heaven and Earth together.†Ã‚   The ancient Hebrews believed that God’s presence on earth was seated in the Holy of Holies, the innermost room within their great Temple in Jerusalem.   However, when Jesus came, he infused each and every one of us with His Holy Spirit, thus making all of us His holy Temples.   This is why I agree with the author in that the idea that a pet rabbit, while cute and fuzzy, is not the vessel of Christ’s Spirit on earth.   Only man, created in God’s image and likeness, can be a vessel for that.   As unworthy as we may be, we are the most worthy creature in this world. Chapter ten continues this discussion of the Spirit.   The author refers to Paul again, â€Å"If you are guided and energized by the Spirit, you will no longer do those things which the Law forbids – murder, adultery, and so on.†Ã‚   This goes back to a point I made in a previous page, that if we live by God’s statutes then we can indeed trust our own hearts, as our hearts will desire to do the right thing.   The author’s point that the Spirit must have been present in the early days of the church was a good one since, as stated previously, the Jewish community would not have normally been open to such an idea as the one they were presented with.   God’s Spirit was in every word they used to proclaim Jesus’ Word, and therefore touched the hearts of the people and turned them to that truth, converting them into such staunch believers that hundreds were willing to die for their faith. The author of this book has, as most writers do, many good points and some not-so-good points.   Some of the issues that I had with these chapters were that in some places he just reiterated what we, as Christians, have been told since before we could walk, while in other places he said things that were outright disagreeable.   Of course, as Christians we are called to convert others to the truth of God’s Word, and we are sometimes not entirely sure what His Word means.   For the most part, though, I feel that the author did an excellent job of analyzing some little-addressed parts of Christianity, and that made the whole thing worthwhile.